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Stem cell research & therapy|Peer-Reviewed
Donor age and sex program MSC secretome signaling: a quadrant framework for precision therapy.
Tasnim Azad, Kimsor Hong, Feifeng Wu, Jueyi Mao, Xin Zhou, Haotian Xie, Xinying Qiu, Binbin Li, Liang Zhang, Jidong Tian, Chuan Wen
Abstract
Clinical responses to mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapies remain variable because MSCs are often treated as uniform biologics despite donor-programmed differences. Evidence indicates that developmental maturity (fetal vs. adult) and biological sex (female vs. male) bias the MSC secretome and downstream signalling (NF-κB, PI3K/AKT-ERK, TGF-β/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin), potentially shaping anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, anti-fibrotic, and regenerative functions.
Keywords
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cell-cell communicationDonor ageDonor sexExtracellular vesicles (EVs)ImmunomodulationMSC heterogeneityMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)Precision regenerative medicineSecretomeSignaling pathways